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Economic Survey

	2017 Vol.34 Issue.3 Published 2017-05-10

	1	Does the Reform of “Province-Directly-Administrated County”Improve Economic Performance?——Based on the Practice of Henan Province
		ZHAO Jian-ji, LV Ke-wen, TIAN Guang-hui, MIAO Chang-hong
		The reform of “province-directly-administrated county” has become an important measure to reduce the administrative levels and enhance the administrative efficiency. This paper classified 108 counties in Henan Province into three types, namely province-governing county, city-governing county and expansion county,and then analyzed the development efficiency of counties of different types by DEA model, and researched the impact of expansion policies on the industrial structure and output of counties based on the econometric model. The results show that: ①The reform of “province-directly-administrated county” has a significant effect on the economic efficiency improvement of the counties in lower development level; ②Counties with larger proportion of economy and poorer initial development bases have better performance after being directly managed by province;③The decentralization of economic management has promoted the growth of the county, and decentralization of social management has inhibited the growth, while the reform of “province-directly-administrated county” has positive effect on the economic growth;④We should carry out the reform of “province-directly-administrated county” in the counties with poor initial development base, with a larger proportion of economy in central cities and with long distance from central cities.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 2023 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1195KB] ( 1226 )

	7	Is There Any Spatial Clustering in Crowdfunding?——Evidence from Zhongchou.com
		WANG Lei, ZHANG Bing, ZHANG Si-qi, TONG Yi
		As an emerging “Internet+” mode, the crowdfunding, to a large extent, offers a good solution to the financing problems of micro-enterprises, and meanwhile,it expands investment channels for investors. The most important thing is that it breaks the geographical constraints to investment and financing activities using the Internet IT, and thus it optimizes the efficient allocation of social resources. Using data from zhongchou.com, this paper finds that the project site has no effect on the financing success, while other factors, such as the amount of funding target, the number of investors, the number of people concerned about project, the frequency of project information disclosure and communication between the investor and the borrower, do affect the performance of the financing. It is concluded that the crowdfunding has no spatial clustering for borrowers and it can maximize the use of social funds and achieve the effective flow of resources within the scope of the whole society.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 7-12 [Abstract] ( 1651 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 729KB] ( 991 )

	13	Spatial Econometric Analysis of Chinese Environmental Quality and Economic Growth
		HU Zong-yi, LI Ji-bo, LIU Yi-wen
		By calculating the composite environment pollution index, this paper employs the panel data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2012 and analyzes distribution patterns and evolution trends of the provincial economical growth as well as the level of environmental pollution. The result shows that environmental pollution has a significant spatial correlation, and when the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is further extended, it confirms the existence of EKC between environmental pollution and economic growth of “inverted U-shape” by spatial lag model. In addition, it demonstrates the quality of Chinese provincial environment is not only influenced by their neighbors, but also is impacted by the structural difference between regions, while those spatial factors such as the industrial structure and openness can improve environmental quality.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 13-18 [Abstract] ( 1798 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 941KB] ( 1099 )

	19	Spatial Pattern and Spatial Effect of Basic Pension Insurance Growth in China
		SU Zong-min, WANG Zhong-zhao
		This paper examines the patterns of spatial distribution of basic pension in China using exploratory spatial analysis. Then, it explores the determinants of basic pension growth and their relative importance with spatial Durbin model, and decomposes their spatial effects with three spatial weights. The study finds that the high value areas of basic pension mainly concentrate in the northwest and eastern coastal areas; the northeast, the central and southern areas belong to low value areas. The spatial pattern of basic pension reflects the real gap of social insurance for the aged among regions and there is a long-term stable tendency. The spatial spillover effect exists significantly and is mainly affected by economic factors but not demographic factors. The level of basic pension insurance to plan as a whole is low in China, which makes it difficult to transfer across the regions. That leads to obvious regional gap and seriously hinders the basic old-age insurance payment matched with free movement of labor. Therefore, from the overall and long-term interests, it is the only way to change regional segmentation into national pooling for deepening reforms of pension insurance system in China.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 19-24 [Abstract] ( 1490 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1208KB] ( 1051 )

	25	Empirical Study on Influence Factors of Purchasing Houses of Migrant Workers in the City
		ZHANG Wu-wei, ZHANG Ke-cheng
		The fact that migrant workers purchase houses in the city significantly promotes their citizenization. Based on data collected from questionnaires by 2049 migrant workers, this paper firstly determines the factors that influence migrant workers’ purchasing houses in the city by using Logistic model, and then clarifies relations and hierarchical structure among influencing factors by using ISM Model. The result shows that the factors such as family’s arable land area, family income, parents’ support, gender, age, marital status, education background, non-agricultural work experience, non-agricultural employment time, industry engaged in, children’s education, whether the company provides houses, and house price in the city have significant impacts on migrant workers purchasing houses in the city. Among the above, some factors like family income, parents’ support, non-agricultural employment time, industry engaged in, children’s education, whether the company provides houses, and house price in the city are superficial factors, while others like education background, non-agricultural work experience, and family’s arable land area are middle-level indirect factors, and factors like age, gender and marital status are the fundamental roots.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 25-30 [Abstract] ( 1802 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 913KB] ( 1083 )

	31	An Empirical Analysis of China’s Rural Family Income Mobility: Based on the Income Transformation Matrix and Mobility Index
		CHEN Shu-wei
		Based on rural survey data of CHNS, this paper used the income transformation matrix and income mobility index, and measured the income mobility of the rural household. The research results show that: China’s rural residents’ income mobility is mainly affected by changes in the location of the rural household income and the overall improvement of rural residents’ income, namely the displacement effect and growth effect. The effect of changes in income position is still the dominant factor, but its role is tending to weaken. Rural households are showing a layered curing trend.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 31-36 [Abstract] ( 1662 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 806KB] ( 1057 )

	37	Research on Consumption Potential Assessment and Provincial Differences of Rural Residents in China
		QIN Xiao-juan, KONG Xiang-li
		The article synthesizes “gap” and “support” hypotheses to build up consumption potential evaluation system,which includes consumption ability, needs as well as conditions, and takes provincial rural residents as the object of empirical study. The conclusions are as follows: rural residents’ consumption potential is in low and middle level, and provincial consumption potential is gradiently decreasing from the east region to the middle and west region; the midwest provincial consumption potential is lower thus it is the difficult area to develop; the primary restricting factors of provincial consumption potential are different; the provincial difference of consumption ability is more significant than needs and conditions.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 1503 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 962KB] ( 1148 )

	43	A Study on Carbon Effect of Typical Farmers’ Production Projects in the Loess Plateau
		ZHANG Guang-cai, WU Shao-song, JIANG Zhi-de
		Climate change has become the global focus. As one of the important industries, low-carbon agriculture has become an effective method to tackle climate change. Based on the carbon effect’s analysis framework and measurement method of typical farmers’ production projects, the study aimed to introduce an analysis framework and a measurement method to compute the carbon effect. Results show that, the analysis framework and measurement method are feasible. Both carbon emissions and carbon sinks exist in the household production projects, and the differences between the two effects are enormous. Farmers’ unreasonable behavior (such as straw burning) has a negative impact on the farmers’ low carbon production.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 43-48 [Abstract] ( 1531 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 920KB] ( 1006 )

	49	Theoretic Doubts about the Rural Land Privatization and Innovations about the Land Ownership System
		ZHENG Yu-hao, ZHENG Lin
		The standpoint of the rural land privatization in China not only goes against the reality, but also has some theoretical mistakes. The rural land privatization cannot eliminate differences between endowment of land resources and land production efficiency among different countries, and also cannot determine the concentration of land production and the degree of scale production. The efficiency of land using depends on land users and system arrangement of rights to use. The confusion between land property rights and land ownership is the major factor leading to the misleading worship of rural land privatization in theoretical realm. Clarifying rural land property rights is not changing land ownership, but rationally allocating land ownership. Establishing a reasonable land system which holds a balance among rights, liability and benefits, and among land rights about possession use, earnings and disposal is the directional choice to build the rural land governance system with Chinese characteristics.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 49-54 [Abstract] ( 1478 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 901KB] ( 1033 )

	55	The Study on Regionalization of RMB on the Silk Road Based on the Theory of Optimum Currency Areas ——Taking Ten Countries from Euro-Asian as Examples
		LI Yong, YUAN Xiao-ling
		Taking ancient Silk Road as the objective of study, this paper firstly clarifies the dialectical relationship between regionalization of RMB and monetary integration. Moreover, it uses the VAR model based on the optimal currency areas to examine the correlation among shocks of the countries on the Silk Road, using the sample data from 1995 to 2015. It is found that the dominating factor is the regional one, which means the degree of monetary integration on the Silk Road is high and this area has met the economic condition of the optimal currency areas. Thus it is suitable for the use and circulation of RMB. At last we give some useful policy recommendations in hope that our study can contribute to the success of the regionalization and internationalization of RMB in addition to the success of the policy “one belt and one road”.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 55-61 [Abstract] ( 1736 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1004KB] ( 1022 )

	62	Geographical Distance and Motivation of Multinationals’ FDI——Based on the Data from Multinational Companies in the United States
		YANG Zhen-zeng
		Geographic distance affects not only the scale of international direct investment, but also the motivation of multinationals when investing directly abroad. In this paper, the author develops a three-economy model to analyze the impact of geographical distance on three types of foreign direct investment. The empirical analysis using data on operations of US multinationals’ foreign affiliates from BEA shows that, as the geographical distance between home and host country increases, the share of market-seeking and third-country-oriented FDI increases, but the share of home-country-oriented FDI falls.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 62-67 [Abstract] ( 1719 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 993KB] ( 1151 )

	68	A Research on the Measurement and Influencing Factors of Quality of Export Products from Local Enterprises in China
		GAO Xiao-na
		This paper uses the micro trade data to measure the quality of the export products of China’s local firms. It indicates that China’s local firms’ export product quality shows a downward trend after joining WTO. The product quality of the private firms is significantly lower than that of the state-owned firms, and the product quality of the Chinese export to the developed country is higher than that of the developing countries, but the product quality of export to the developed countries has greatly decreased. Therefore, the decline in the quality of export products is mainly due to the rapid increase in the market share of private enterprises’ exports, the effect of which is larger for countries with lower income and products with higher technology level.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 68-73 [Abstract] ( 1612 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 825KB] ( 941 )

	74	The Empirical Research of the Influence of Economic Institutional Changes on Economic Growth in China
		LIU Ye
		By functional analysis, mechanism analysis, and conduction path analysis of economic system, this paper tries to analyze the effect of economic institutional changes on economic growth through the paths of property system, economic operation system and opening system. Through the panel data analysis from the perspectives of factor, region and timing, it draws the conclusion that the economic institutional changes exert a positive influence on economic growth by property system, economic operation system and opening system. Moreover, the effect of economic institution changes on economic growth is the most obvious in east region. Finally, the effect of property system, economic operation system has become more important than the effect of opening system over time.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 74-80 [Abstract] ( 1643 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 854KB] ( 934 )

	81	Research on China’s Manufacturing Value Competitivenessand Spatial Differences
		ZHENG Xue-dang
		This paper establishes the evaluation system of manufacturing value competitiveness from the perspectives of value creation, value realization and value distribution, and measures and analyzes the manufacturing value competitiveness of China’s seven regions by using the relevant average data from 2009 to 2014. The result shows that the overall level of China manufacturing value competitiveness is low, and value creation has great contribution to China manufacturing value competitiveness, followed by the value realization and value distribution. Manufacturing value competitiveness in East China and Central China is the strongest, followed by South China, North China and Northeast China, while Southwest China and Northwest China are the weakest. From the type of manufacturing value competitiveness, Northeast China and Northwest China belong to the type of value creation, while Southwest China, North China, Central China and East China belong to the type of value creation and value distribution, and South China belongs to value realization. At the same time, the level of manufacturing value competitiveness is more significantly different among different provinces within the region. In order to achieve the goal of manufacturing power strategy, the key is to enhance the manufacturing value competitiveness.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 81-86 [Abstract] ( 1676 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 893KB] ( 853 )

	87	Financial Ecological Environment, Ownership and Financing Efficiency of Strategic Emerging Industry
		WANG Qiong, GENG Cheng-xuan
		Incorporating ownership and financial ecological environment into the investigation of financing efficiency, this research used data of 385 companies listed during 2009-2014 as samples, and empirically studied the impact of financial ecological environment on the financing efficiency of state-owned and non-state-owned listed companies. The results show that the financing efficiency of non-state-owned listed companies is significantly higher than that of state-owned listed companies, which is mainly influenced by government intervention. There is an asymetric inverted V-shaped relation between government intervention and financing efficiency of state-owned companies, and an asymetric V-shaped relation between government intervention and fiancing efficiency of non-state-owned companies. The more different the intervention degree of the government, the more different the influence mechanism which the financial development and credit culture exert on the financing efficiency of different types of companies. The major influencing factor for the financing efficiency of state-owned companies is government intervention.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 87-92 [Abstract] ( 1986 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 926KB] ( 1443 )

	93	An Empirical Study of the Relationship among Positive Psychological Capital, Work Engagement and Job Performance in Service Industry
		WEN Bi-yan, ZHOU Xiao-man, WU Xiu-mei
		The paper focuses on the service industry and uses longitudinal research design to collect the data three times in order to test the relationship among positive psychological capital, work engagement and job performance. The result shows that positive psychological capital of employees positively affects their work engagement and performance. Moreover, work engagement has positive impact on employees’ job performance, and it mediates the relationship between psychological capital and job performance partially. Furthermore, the author proposes that managers can broaden management horizons from psychology perspective, and help employees establish and cultivate the positive psychological capital, then lead employees to work with positive emotions. Over time, the competitive advantages of organizations can be improved.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 93-98 [Abstract] ( 1711 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 813KB] ( 1162 )

	99	A Comparative Study of the Corporate Political Activities of Privately-owned Companies in Zhejiang and Henan ——an Institutional View
		LI Lan
		Based on an institutional environmental view, adopting an in-depth interview and survey approach, the paper compares and contrasts the corporate political behavior of privately-owned businesses in Zhejiang and Henan, and finds that corporate political activities of these companies in the two provinces are of significant differences in terms of their political environment, political strategies, and the effectiveness of their respective activities. The formal and informal institutions explain the differences. The results, on one hand, contribute to the comparative studies of corporate political activities, on the other have some important implications to both the government and the companies of these two provinces.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 1521 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 932KB] ( 903 )

	105	Executive Power, Equity Incentive and Implicit Corruption
		HUANG Guo-liang, DING Yue-ting, WU Han-ying
		This paper empirically analyzes the influence of executive power on implicit corruption and the moderating effect of equity incentive on the relationship between them by processing the data of A-listed companies at Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges during 2011-2015. The results show that executive power is significantly correlated with implicit corruption and the equity incentive can effectively suppress the implicit corruption. Further studies show that the relationship between executive power and implicit corruption is more obvious in SOEs, and the effect of equity incentive is more significant in Non-SOEs.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 105-110 [Abstract] ( 1823 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 888KB] ( 1331 )

	111	Financial Marketization, Administrator Power and Allocation Efficiency of Capital
		HAN Lin-jing
		This article studies the investment efficiency of listed companies combining macroscopic financial development with micro administrator power,based on the special institutional background in China, according to the theory of difference of financing constraints by heterogeneous property right structure and agency cost theory. Results show that manager’s power does not improve investment efficiency, and the improvement of financial marketization does not promote the relationship between managers power and investment efficiency, instead inefficient investments continue to expand. It provides a new empirical evidence to interpret the phenomenon of “high investment, low efficiency” of listed companies and to enrich financial theory and corporate governance theory.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 111-116 [Abstract] ( 1651 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 869KB] ( 990 )

	117	Research on Function Paths of Brand Equity on Firm Value——the Moderating Effect of Industry Concentration
		HAN Hui-lin, ZHUANG Fei-peng, SUN Guo-hui
		Based on the data of “China’s 500 most valuable brands” released by the world brand laboratory and the corresponding data form Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange markets, this paper aims to research the function path of brand equity on firm value from the perspectives of product markets and capital markets. The results show that brand equity can positively improve firm value, and can achieve this goal by the way of increasing the enterprise’s cash flow and reducing the cost of capital. This study also finds that the more intense competition in the industry becomes, the more significant the effect of brand equity is on increasing cash flow and reducing cost of capital. These conclusions not only enrich the literature of brand equity, but also provide empirical evidence for enterprises to implement brand strategies.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 117-122 [Abstract] ( 1759 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 813KB] ( 1105 )

	123	The Monetary Reasons of “Divergence” between CPI and PPIin the New Normal Period
		LIU Jin-quan, ZHANG Du
		Since China has been in the new normal macroeconomic period, CPI remained low positive growth, while PPI held consecutively negative downward trend. There has been a great degree of divergence between CPI and PPI. Monetary policy in regulating prices has been severely constrained, and China’s economic restructuring has been blocked. In this paper, we concentrate on the reasons in monetary policy why the divergence between CPI and PPI was generated by dynamic analysis method. The study finds that at different periods of time, the changes of CPI and PPI response to monetary impact caused the divergence between CPI and PPI, which was the reason why in the new normal period monetary policy could not reduce the scissors differences between the CPI and PPI levels effectively. Therefore, the central bank should strengthen the price-based regulation and the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, clear transmission channels to the real economy. By enhancing operational efficiency and the ability of monetary policy serving the real economy, central bank could reduce the divergence between the CPI and the PPI.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 123-128 [Abstract] ( 1917 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1084KB] ( 1051 )

	129	Resource Endowments, Market Segmentation and Economic Growth
		LI Qiang, DING Chun-lin
		This paper empirically studies the impact of resource production, resource consumption and market segmentation on the economic growth of China based on the provincial panel data of 30 provinces (cities, districts) from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that:(1)resource consumption has a promoting effect on economic growth in China, while resource production and market segmentation hinder China’s economic growth. The two propositions of “resource production curse” and “resources consumption gospel” are obviously established at the provincial level in China. It is a key problem to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industries and get rid of the “resource trap” that need to be solved immediately for the regions with abundant resource. (2) the study has found that the interaction between resource production and market segmentation has a significantly positive effect on economic growth, which indicates that there is a complementary relationship between the two in the promotion of economic growth. It also means the more serious market segmentation, the greater the impact of resource production on economic growth. The interaction between resource consumption and market segmentation has no significant impact on economy growth. (3) the partition domain regression has found that the “resource production curse” proposition in eastern, central and western regions of China is established significantly, while the “resources production gospel” is only established in the western region. Market segmentation has hindered the economic growth of the eastern region, but it has promoted the rapid economic growth in the central and western regions, which means that the market segmentation helps to narrow the economic gap among the regions in China.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 129-134 [Abstract] ( 1763 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 780KB] ( 1288 )

	135	Research on International Tax Coordination to Facilitate Economic Cooperation and Development in “One Belt and One Road” Region
		LI Xiang-ju, WANG Xiong-fei
		This paper discusses the effect of tax policy on “One Belt and One Road” development strategy from the perspective of regional economic cooperation and development. The research shows that “One Belt and One Road” strategy can promote the coordinated development of regional economy, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, enhance the economic and trade cooperation. However, due to the economic development disparities among the countries, the old tax agreement, the lag of tax collection and management system, and the unmatched status of China’s economic development and the international tax right, it has not only increased the tax risk of “going out” of capital and enterprises, but also affected the successful advance of “One Belt and One Road” strategy. In view of this, the article puts forward suggestions about international tax coordination rules, and recommendations to improve the tax system reform and expand regional cooperation.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 135-140 [Abstract] ( 2197 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1348KB] ( 1118 )

	141	The Time Gap between Fiscal Investment and Regional Innovation Output——The Analysis of VAR Model Based on Time Series Data
		HU Zai-ming
		With knowledge function and the VAR model, the author analyzes the time lag phenomenon between the financial technology investment and regional innovation output, using the data of financial technology investment in Henan Province during 1995-2014. The results show that the financial investment in science and technology has a significant impact on enhancing regional independent innovation capability, but there is an obvious time-lag between them. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the promotion effect of the knowledge stock on regional innovation, and increase investment in basic research areas, and make up for the short-term tendency of enterprise funds and financial funds with long-term and stable scientific financial support.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 141-146 [Abstract] ( 1732 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 953KB] ( 974 )

	147	An Empirical Study on the Impact of Population on Residents’ Savings Rate
		FU Cheng-yuan, CHEN Lei
		This paper takes the population factor as the breakthrough point, and analyzes the specific effect of the relevant factors on the savings rate, using China’s provincial panel data. The results show that there has been an inverse relation between the population growth rate and the savings rate, and an objective connection between the decline of China’s population growth rate and the rise of the savings rate. In the process of China’s regional economic growth, the population age structure, urbanization and other factors also have significant influence on the savings rate. Therefore, when making policy, we should consider the specific characteristics of each factor, so as to form a reasonable national savings rate, and finally achieve the optimal allocation of resources.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 147-152 [Abstract] ( 1893 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 807KB] ( 1075 )

	153	Market Structure for Credit Rating Industry in China
		LI Ming-ming, QIN Feng-ming
		This paper explores the impact of competition of Chinese credit rating industry on rating accuracy, using bond rating data in China during 2002-2013. We find that credit ratings are lower and the ratings are more likely to be downgraded when competition becomes fiercer. Further, we find that the sensitivity of bond yield spread to ratings becomes larger when competition becomes fiercer. The results in the two aspects indicate that competition improves the rating accuracy, which proves the viewpoint of “competition advantage”. Besides, for non-state-owned companies and companies rated by agencies in better law environment, the effect of competition on rating accuracy is more obvious. The research has certain implications for improving market structure of credit rating industry and increasing capital market efficiency.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 153-158 [Abstract] ( 1647 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 761KB] ( 1077 )

	159	Growth Effect of Investment Drive & Spatial Spilloveron Government Procurement
		ZHEN De-yun, CAO Fu-guo
		In this paper, the writer adopts spatial econometric methods in combination with geographical weight matrix and economic weight matrix, and researches the growth effect of government procurement scale, taking the data of 31 provinces in China during 2001-2012 as samples. A conclusion contrary to traditional research is drawn that per capita GDP contribution to the growth of government procurement scale is not significant, while investment as an important explanatory variable of the government procurement scale has a good spatial spillover effect. Urbanization has a huge demonstration effect, and has significant spatial spillover effect on the growth of government procurement in the adjacent region. Finally, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote the growth and rational allocation of government procurement, and to improve the efficiency of government procurement resources, especially under the public private partnership model.
		2017 Vol. 34 (3): 159-164 [Abstract] ( 1482 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 955KB] ( 1182 )

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