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    经济经纬 2025 Issue (3) :106-119
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    人工智能如何影响企业劳动收入份额?——基于人力资本结构调整和资源配置效率视角
张永珅1, 张萌2
1.中国社会科学院 工业经济研究所,北京 100006;
2.河南财经政法大学 会计学院,河南 郑州 450046
    Whether Artificial Intelligence Affects the Labor Share of Income: From the Perspective of Human Capital Structure Adjustment and Resource Allocation Efficiency
    ZHANG Yongshen1, ZHANG Meng2
1. Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100006, China;
2. School of Accounting, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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摘要 不同于现有研究利用行业工业机器人和城市层面的数据表征人工智能水平,基于2009—2022年沪深A股上市企业数据,采用文本分析法构建企业层面的人工智能测度指标,研究了人工智能对企业劳动收入份额的影响和作用机制。结果表明:人工智能可以优化企业劳动要素分配,表现为劳动收入份额增加,系列稳健性检验、内生性检验均支持该结论。机制检验表明:人工智能将提升企业高学历以及技术型员工占比,降低企业低学历和生产部门员工占比,促进人力资本结构调整;人工智能会提高企业投资效率,降低管理费用率,优化资源配置效率。进一步分析表明,人工智能对劳动收入份额的提升作用在非国有企业、技术密集型行业企业以及市场竞争力强的企业中更加显著。研究结论对推动人工智能的中国实践以及助力企业高质量发展具有一定政策启示。
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张永珅
张萌
关键词人工智能   人力资本   结构调整   资源配置   劳动收入份额     
Abstract: Unlike existing studies that use industry-level industrial robot data or city-level data to represent AI levels, this paper uses text analysis on data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2022 to construct a firm-level AI measure. It explores AI’s impact on corporate labor income shares and its mechanisms. The results show that AI optimizes labor factor allocation in firms, as evidenced by an increased labor income share, with a series of robustness and endogeneity checks supporting this conclusion. Mechanism tests reveal that AI boosts the proportion of highly educated and technical employees while reducing the proportion of low-educated and production department employees and promoting human capital structure adjustment. Additionally, AI enhances firms’ investment efficiency and lowers management expense ratios, optimizing resource allocation efficiency. Further analysis indicates that AI’s role in increasing the labor income share is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms, technology-intensive industries and firms with stronger market competitiveness. The research conclusions have certain policy implications for promoting the practice of artificial intelligence in China and helping enterprises develop high-quality.
KeywordsArtificial Intelligence   Human Capital   Structure Adjustment   Resource Allocation   Labor Income Share     
收稿日期 2024-08-10; 接受日期 ;
基金资助:国家社会科学基金项目(24BJY128);河南省软科学研究计划项目(252400412055);中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究阐释习近平经济思想项目(GJSZY2024009)
通讯作者 张萌(1989— ),女,河南郑州人,博士,讲师,主要从事资本市场财务问题研究。   
作者简介: 张永珅(1989— ),男,甘肃金昌人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事数字经济研究。
引用本文:   
张永珅, 张萌.人工智能如何影响企业劳动收入份额?——基于人力资本结构调整和资源配置效率视角[J].  经济经纬, 2025,3: 106-119
ZHANG Yongshen, ZHANG Meng.Whether Artificial Intelligence Affects the Labor Share of Income: From the Perspective of Human Capital Structure Adjustment and Resource Allocation Efficiency[J]  Economic Survey, 2025,V42(3): 106-119
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