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    自贸区设立是否提升企业劳动收入份额——基于劳动者就业结构及技能工资视角
何小钢, 毛莘娅, 操岩
江西财经大学 数字经济学院,江西 南昌 330013
    Does the Establishment of Free Trade Zones Raise Labour Income Shares: From the Perspective of Employment Structure and Skill Wages of Workers
    HE Xiaogang, MAO Shenya, CAO Yan
School of Digital Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
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摘要 基于2009—2022年A股上市公司数据,构建“自贸区设立—就业结构与技能工资配置—劳动收入份额”的理论框架,采用多期双重差分模型系统考察自贸区设立对企业劳动收入份额的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,自贸区设立显著提升企业劳动收入份额,该结论在考虑异质性处理效应及通过稳健性检验后依然成立;第二,异质性分析表明,自贸区的劳动收入份额提升效应在非国有企业、劳动密集型企业、低融资约束企业及高科技行业中更为显著;第三,机制检验显示,自贸区通过优化劳动力技能结构与扩大技能工资溢价的双重路径推动劳动收入份额上升;第四,自贸区政策通过提升劳动收入份额显著促进了企业全要素生产率增长,有助于企业实现效率与公平的协同发展目标。研究结论为自贸区政策优化劳动要素配置、推动高质量发展提供了微观证据,对完善收入分配制度与实现共同富裕目标具有重要作用。
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何小钢
毛莘娅
操岩
关键词自贸区   劳动收入份额   技能结构   技能溢价   全要素生产率     
Abstract: Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of “ the establishment of FTZ-employment structure and skill wage allocation-labour income share ”, and adopts the multi-period DID model system to examine the impact and mechanism of the establishment of FTZ on the labour income share of enterprises. There are following findings: Firstly, the establishment of a free trade zone has significantly increased the share of enterprises’ labor income. This conclusion is still valid after considering the heterogeneity treatment effect and passing the robustness test; Secondly, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of the FTZ on the labour income share of enterprises is more significant in the non-state-owned enterprises, labour-intensive enterprises, low-financing-constraint enterprises and high-tech industries; Thirdly, the mechanism test indicates that the FTZ promotes the increase of labour income share through the dual path of optimizing the labour skill structure and expanding the skill wage premium; Finally, the FTZ policy significantly promotes the growth of total factor productivity of enterprises through the enhancement of labour income share, which helps enterprises to achieve the high-quality development goal of efficiency and fairness. This study provides micro-evidence for the policy of the free trade zone to optimize the allocation of labor factors and promote high-quality development, and has policy implications for improving the income distribution system and achieving the goal of common prosperity.
KeywordsFree Trade Zone   Labour Income Share   Skill Structure   Skill Premium   Total Factor Productivity     
收稿日期 2024-10-29; 接受日期 ;
基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目(72373057);国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AZD085)
通讯作者 毛莘娅(1998— ),女,江西宜春人,博士研究生,主要从事人工智能、高质量就业与共同富裕研究   
作者简介: 何小钢(1978— ),男,江西新干人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事技术创新与企业成长研究;操岩(2000— ),男,江西南昌人,硕士研究生,主要从事贸易政策研究。
引用本文:   
何小钢, 毛莘娅, 操岩.自贸区设立是否提升企业劳动收入份额——基于劳动者就业结构及技能工资视角[J].  经济经纬, 2025,4: 92-106
HE Xiaogang, MAO Shenya, CAO Yan.Does the Establishment of Free Trade Zones Raise Labour Income Shares: From the Perspective of Employment Structure and Skill Wages of Workers[J]  Economic Survey, 2025,V42(4): 92-106
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