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    美国对华出口管制与企业人力资本升级
周申, 李祈霖
南开大学 经济学院,天津 300071
    U.S. Export Controls to China and Enterprise Human Capital Upgrading
    ZHOU Shen, LI Qilin
School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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摘要 基于2011—2022年A股上市公司员工特征数据与美国实体清单数据,采用多期双重差分模型,探究美国出口管制实体清单对企业人力资本升级影响。研究发现:被列入实体清单显著降低了企业高技能劳动力占比,不利于企业人力资本升级,并且这一负面影响具有长期持续增强趋势;作用机制检验表明,实体清单主要通过强化资金约束效应、弱化市场竞争效应两个渠道对受限企业的人力资本结构产生负面影响;异质性分析发现,对于非创新型企业、所在地区对外开放程度低的企业、国有企业及董事没有海外经验的企业,实体清单对人力资本结构的负面冲击更明显。研究丰富了美国对华出口管制的微观影响研究,也为如何应对贸易摩擦对就业结构的负面影响提供了决策参考。
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周申
李祈霖
关键词贸易摩擦   出口管制   实体清单   人力资本   资金约束   市场竞争     
Abstract: Using data on employees and the U.S. Entity List for A-share listed companies from 2011to 2022, this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences ( DID ) model to examine how U.S. export controls affect the upgrading of corporate human capital. Empirical results indicate that being added to the Entity List significantly reduces the proportion of high-skilled labor within firms, thereby hindering the upgrading of human capital. Moreover, this adverse effect exhibits a persistent and intensifying trend over time. Mechanism tests reveal that the Entity List primarily negatively impacts the human capital structure of restricted firms through two channels: strengthening the financing constraints effect and weakening the market competition effect. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the negative impact on human capital structure is more pronounced for non-innovative firms, firms located in regions with lower levels of openness, state-owned enterprises, and firms whose board directors lack overseas experience. This study enriches micro-level impact studies on U.S. export controls toward China and provides policy insights for mitigating the negative effects of trade frictions on employment structures.
KeywordsTrade Friction   Export Controls   Entity List   Human Capital   Capital Constraints   Market Competition     
收稿日期 2025-02-13; 接受日期 ;
基金资助:国家社会科学基金项目(23BJL058)
通讯作者 李祈霖(1998— ),女,吉林通化人,博士研究生,主要从事国际贸易与要素市场研究   
作者简介: 周申(1970— ),男,四川成都人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事国际贸易与要素市场研究。
引用本文:   
周申, 李祈霖.美国对华出口管制与企业人力资本升级[J].  经济经纬, 2026,1: 57-70
ZHOU Shen, LI Qilin.U.S. Export Controls to China and Enterprise Human Capital Upgrading[J]  Economic Survey, 2026,V43(1): 57-70
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