Economic Compensation Standard Measurement of Cultivated Land Protection——A Case in Henan Province
WU Xiao-lei1,2, WANG Ying-hong1, CHEN Chang-you3
1.School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;2.School of Law, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; 3.College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Abstract：
With the increase of the population and the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, cultivated land is decreasing. It is very important to ensure a certain quantity and quality of cultivated land to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, the subjects of the cultivated land protection must be given a reasonable compensation to stimulate their protection behavior. To determine the economic compensation standard of cultivated land protection is an important part of cultivated land protection. This article puts forward the economic compensation of cultivated land protection surplus/deficit area, the conversion coefficient calculation method, and economic standard measurement. The results show that: (1) In theory, the externality is the important cause leading to the cultivated land protection compensation. Cultivated land resource value accounting should be strengthened and cultivated land ecological environment value and social value must be put in the public domain to manifest. (2) Cultivated area deficit/surplus is measured according to the quality grades. Due to the different parts of the natural environment, the cultivated land quality, multiple crop index differences and regional unit of cultivated land output are also different; the regional cultivated land protection area should be measured according to the quality grades of cultivated land conversion. (3)Compensation standards need to be mortified according to the actual. According to people’s willingness and ability to pay for ecological and social benefits of the cultivated land, compensation standard of cultivated land protection should be ensured in order to mortify distorted values.
作者简介: 毋晓蕾(1984-),女,河南新乡人,中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院博士生,从事土地利用研究;汪应宏(1967-),男,安徽太湖人,中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地利用研究;陈常优(1965-),男,河南鄢陵人,河南大学环境与规划学院教授,主要从事土地规划研究。中图分类号:F321.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1096(2014)06-0019-05 收稿日期:2013-07-20 一、文献回顾 耕地是维护国家粮食安全和生态安全的重要保障。国外耕地保护补偿理论的渊源可以追溯到庇古(Pigou)等对社会成本与私人成本之间差异的分析并首倡给具有正外部性的活动予以补贴。在实践中,国外将耕地保护经济补偿融合于农业环保计划和农业补贴之中,从而直接或间接地实现了耕地数量和质量的保护,尤其体现在基于耕地发展权购买转移补偿(Edward,1996)和基于耕地的多功能性(Jeffrey et al,2009;McLennan et al,2012;Dullinger et al,2013;Bam et al,2014) ,以及改善农业生态环境 (Minerva et al,2014; Laura et al,2014) 为目标的耕地质量保护补偿,但未形成独立于农业补贴的耕地保护经济补偿体系。 国内耕地保护的经济补偿研究始于耕地(农地)的价值、价格、效益及其外部性研究,随后应用于耕地(农地)的征地补偿和农业(生态)补偿研究之中,进而扩展到保护在耕土地的经济补偿标准和运行模式研究之中。朱新华等(2007)从耕地保护和粮食安全的外部性出发,将耕地保护的外部性补偿界定在粮食主销区对粮食主产区的经济补偿。张效军等(2008)提出了构建耕地保护区域补偿机制的设想,同时指出:为了确保耕地保护区域补偿机制的有效运转,需要建立完善配套的管理措施。随后陈志刚等(2009)、苑全治等(2010)、廖和平等(2011)、雍新琴等(2012)在耕地保护补偿标准测度方法和机制构建方面也进行了有效的探索和实证研究。但是,耕地保护经济补偿标准没有考虑耕地利用经济效益中未实现部分,或者虽然对耕地利用生态价值和社会价值予以考虑但未进行社会发展阶段修正,使得耕地保护经济补偿标准测算结果偏差较大。另外,以往研究未能很好将方法研究、实证分析和政策建议与特定粮食主产区结合起来,针对性不强。基于此,本文以国家粮食主产区之一的河南省为研究区域,将耕地利用的价值综合考虑,同时进行社会阶段系数修正,测算河南省耕地保护补偿标准。 二、研究方法
WU Xiao-lei, WANG Ying-hong, CHEN Chang-you.Economic Compensation Standard Measurement of Cultivated Land Protection——A Case in Henan Province[J] Economic Survey, 2014,V31(6): 19-23
2014 
