From the perspective of population migration in different regions, this paper uses the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1997 to 2016 to analyze the dynamic convergence of urban-rural income gap. The results show that there are absolute convergence and conditional convergence in different regions. The speed of convergence in eastern region is slower than that in the central region but faster than that in the western region. The convergence rate in the central region is higher than the national average. Viewing from the dynamic convergence on cycles, both absolute convergence and conditional convergence show a “V” trend throughout the entire cycle. Further analysis of influencing factors of the income gap shows that population migration can significantly narrow the income gap through the urbanization of household registration. If city immigrants can successfully change into the urban registration, it can narrow the income gap. At present, this effect is weak because the migrating population in China cannot easily realize this change.