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Economic Survey
2024 Vol.41 Issue.3
Published 2024-05-10
3
The Opening of High Speed Railway, the Transformation of Innovation Types and the Resilience of Urban Economy
ZHANG Anwei, HU Yan
Taking 282 cities at prefecture level and above in China as research objects,this paper explores the impact of high-speed rail on economic resilience and spatial differences,as well as the differentiated mechanism in the process of innovation type transformation.The conclusions are as follows: (1) The opening of high-speed rail is conducive to improve economic resilience; (2) After the opening of high-speed rail, there are differences in the dynamic effects of progressive innovation and breakthrough innovation. Its influence on progressive innovation has changed from positive to negative, and its influence on breakthrough innovation has changed from insignificant to positive, gradually promoting the change of innovation type. Moreover, there are differences in the mechanism of different types of innovation in the impact of the resilience of high-speed rail opening. The opening of high-speed rail mainly improves the resilience of urban economy through breakthrough innovation; (3) From the perspective of spatial differences in economic resilience, there are also differences in the mechanism of different types of innovation in this process.The opening of high-speed rail is mainly through breakthrough innovation to narrow the spatial differences in economic resilience; (4) After decomposing the overall economic toughness into industrial structure toughness and competitiveness toughness, it is found that the opening of high-speed rail affects the overall economic toughness and its spatial differences by affecting different types of innovation. And there are differences in the transmission path industry from industrial structure toughness and competitiveness toughness to overall economic toughness.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 3-15 [
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Can the Establishment of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone Alleviate the Imbalance in Urban Economic Development?
LI Maishou, LI Hua
Based on macro data and county-level nighttime lighting data from 284 prefecture level and above cities in China from 2013 to 2021, this paper designs quasi natural experiments with the establishment of big data comprehensive pilot experimental zones as the impact. After using the overlapping double difference model to test this experiment, the study found that the establishment of big data comprehensive pilot experimental zones significantly improved the degree of urban economic development imbalance. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone plays a more significant role in balancing urban economic development in cities with lower administrative levels, central and western regions and lower economic development levels. The mechanism test indicates that big data Comprehensive Experimental area alleviates the imbalance of urban economic development by promoting urban industrial non-spatial agglomeration, optimizing urban factor allocation efficiency and promoting urban entrepreneurial activity. The conclusion of the study proves that big data Comprehensive Experimental area has positive externalities in balancing economic development and promoting common prosperity, which provides empirical evidence for the government to speed up the development of big data and promote the deep integration of data elements and the real economy.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 16-27 [
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Digital Infrastructure Construction and Chinese Agricultural and Rural Modernization: Based on the Mediating Effect of Rural Industrial Diversification Developmentand Digital Literacy
LIANG Jian
Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022, this paper analyzes the impact of digital infrastructure construction on Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. The result shows that digital infrastructure construction can significantly promote the development of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization, which is still true after a series of robustness tests and considering endogenous problems. Intermediary effect test shows that the diversified development of rural industries and the improvement of digital literacy play an intermediary role in the relationship between digital infrastructure construction and Chinese-style agricultural and rural modernization. The analysis of spatial spillover effect indicates that there is a significant positive spatial spillover effect of digital infrastructure construction on the development of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. The results of the regional heterogeneity test manifest that the impact of digital infrastructure on the development of Chinese-style agricultural and rural modernization presents a heterogeneous characteristic of “ eastern>central>northeastern>western ”, “ high-level marketization areas>low-level marketization areas ”, and “ high-level digital infrastructure construction>low-level digital infrastructure construction ”. On this basis, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions that we should speed up the construction of digital infrastructure, build the development model of intelligent agricultural industry, and cultivate high-quality digital farmers.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 28-41 [
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A Study on the Influence of Digital Literacy on Small Farmers’ Integration into Modern Agriculture: Based on a Survey of 1592 Small Farmersin 9 Provinces and Autonomous Regions of the Yellow River Basin
YANG Yuzhen, ZHANG Xueke
Based on the survey data of 1,592 small farmers in 9 provinces of the Yellow River Basin, this paper uses LPM and Probit model to analyze the impact of digital literacy on the connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. The result show that improving the level of digital literacy can promote small farmers to connect with modern agriculture. Mechanism analysis indicates that digital literacy can influence small farmers to connect with modern agriculture by improving agricultural information acquisition channels and then influence the ability of small farmers to obtain information. With the introduction of ESRM model and counterfactual inference analysis, it is found that the improvement of digital literacy can improve the level of small farmers connecting with modern agriculture by 45.33%. The digital literacy of small farmers has a positive spatial spillover effect on the behavior of geographically adjacent farmers connecting with modern agriculture. Heterogeneity test found that digital literacy has the greatest impact on the connection of modern agriculture is pure small farmers, followed by part-time small farmers. And the impact on low-and middle-income small farmers is greater than thigh-income small farmers. On the basis of this conclusion, the paper proposes that we should strengthen digital training for small farmers, improve their digital literacy, provide targeted assistance to different types of small farmers, and promote the connection between neighboring small farmers and modern agriculture through demonstration effects.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 42-53 [
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A Study on the Influence of Digitalization Level on the Network Status of Global Value Chain
ZHANG Tianshuo, WANG Lujian, WU Yanfang
Based on the data of 56 industries in 42 countries of the world input-output database, this paper explores the influence of digitalization level on the central position of global value chain network.The results show that the improvement of digitalization level contributes to the enhancement of forward and backward centrality in the global value chain network. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of digitalization on the centrality of global value chain network in developing countries is greater than that in developed countries. It plays a greater role in promoting the manufacturing industry than in the service industry and natural resources industry. The more technology-intensive the industry, the stronger the catalytic role played by digitalization. Mechanism analysis manifests that digitalization has significantly optimized the efficiency of resource allocation and reduced trade costs, thereby enhancing the position of the global value chain network. Further analysis reveals that digitalization has a significant promoting effect on the centrality both inside and outside the global value chain network. This study has important implications for stabilizing and promoting China’s position in the global value chain network in the new era.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 54-67 [
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Digital Economy Development, Entrepreneurship Spirit and Foreign Trade Resilience
DENG Zongbing, CAO Yufu, XIAO Qinlin, WANG Ju
Incorporating the entrepreneurial spirit into the analysis framework for enhancing the resilience of urban foreign trade, this paper explores the main paths and mechanisms of the digital economy driving the enhancement of foreign trade resilience from the perspectives of entrepreneurial innovation and entrepreneurial spirit. The results show that the digital economy has significantly enhanced the resilience of urban foreign trade, with a greater effect on enhancing the resilience of urban imports than exports. The digital economy has a greater resilience driving effect on cities, peripheral cities, small-scale cities, and weakly resilient cities in the central and western regions, with obvious inclusive characteristics. After further dividing China’s digital economy into development stages, research has shown that the empowering effect of digital economy on foreign trade resilience weakens when it enters a mature stage from a high-speed growth stage. The analysis of influence mechanism indicates that entrepreneur innovation and entrepreneurial spirit are important channels for digital economy to empower foreign trade resilience, and the effect of entrepreneur innovation spirit mechanism is stronger. The nonlinear impact analysis manifests that the digital economy has a threshold effect on the resilience of foreign trade. With the improvement of the level of digital economy development and entrepreneurship, it is characterized by diminishing marginal effect. At present, the development level of digital economy and entrepreneurship in most cities have crossed the “critical value”. The study provides empirical support and beneficial inspiration for how to stimulate and cultivate entrepreneurship through orderly development of digital economy under the new development pattern, so as to enable the resilience of foreign trade, and provides decision-making reference for realizing high-quality development of regional foreign trade and building a trade power.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 68-81 [
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Digitalization of Manufacturing Input, Employment Skill Structure and Skilled-unskilled Wage Gap
HAO Neng, LIU Dexue, WU Yunxia, ZENG Lin
Based on the micro-data of China’s listed companies from 2007 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of input digitalization in manufacturing on the employment skill structure and skilled-unskilled wage gap of Chinese enterprises with fixed effect model. There are following findings: (1) Input digitalization is generally conducive to improving the scale of employment, increasing the proportion of high-skilled employees, reducing the proportion of medium and low skilled employees, and promoting the upgrading of employment structure; (2) Input digitalization not only promotes the upgrading of employment skill structure, but also expands the skilled-unskilled wage gap between high skilled and low skilled employees in enterprises by increasing the proportion of high skilled and technical employees; (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that input digitalization based on machine technology can bring about both high skill employment creation and medium and low skill employment destruction, while input digitalization based on non-machine technology has no significant effect on employment. The impact of input digitalization on the upgrading employment structure and widening skilled-unskilled wage gap is significant for companies in areas with a high level of digital economic development. However, the impact on companies in areas with a low level of digital economic development is not significant. For companies with high spending on education and training, input digitalization will create job creation and destruction but not narrow the skilled-unskilled wage gap, while the effect on companies that spend less on education and training is not significant, widening the skilled-unskilled wage gap. Therefore, while promoting the digital transformation of enterprises, the government should comprehensively enhance the premium ability of medium and low skilled workers, improve the income distribution policy and social welfare system, prevent the income gap from widening, and lay a micro foundation for realization of common prosperity.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 82-93 [
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Digitalization of Manufacturing Inputs and Production Chain Length
ZHOU Hongwei, PANG Suqin, LIU Shuguang, ZHANG Luwen
Based on the OECD world input-output and multinational-industry panel data from 1995 to 2018, this paper empirically examines the impact of manufacturing input digitization on the length of production chain. There are following findings: Firstly, digitalization of manufacturing investment has significantly extended the length of the production chain; Secondly, heterogeneity testing shows that digitalization of manufacturing inputs has a more significant impact on developing countries, capital intensive industries, upstream industries in the global value chain, and pure domestic production activities. Moreover, the positive impact of digitalization of foreign inputs on production chain length is smaller than that of domestic inputs; Thirdly, the mechanism test shows that the digitization of manufacturing input extends the length of the production chain mainly by expanding the import quantity and improving the import quality of intermediate goods; Fourthly, further analysis indicates that the scale of consumer demand potential can enhance the positive impact of digitalization of manufacturing inputs on production chain length, while the structure of consumer demand potential has no significant impact. The digitalization of manufacturing investment has a significant “industry diffusion effect” in the process of extending the length of the production chain. The research conclusion has important implications for building a new development pattern with internal circulation as the main focus and external circulation as the empowerment.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 94-107 [
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A Study on the Impact of Digitization Transformation on the Environmental Performance of Heavily Polluting Enterprises: From the Perspective of Data Capitalization
LI Kun, ZHAO Yuting, YANG Qiang
Based on the samples of heavily polluting enterprises in China’s A-share market from 2017 to 2021, this paper constructs an econometric model to explore the impact of digital transformation on the environmental performance of heavily polluting enterprises and its internal mechanism. The study has found that digital transformation has a significant positive impact on the environmental performance of heavily polluting enterprises, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. Further research shows that the promotion effect of digital transformation of heavily polluting enterprises on environmental performance varies under different property rights and regional development levels. This effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises and the eastern region with higher economic development levels. The regression results of intermediary effect indicate that digital transformation has a positive impact on the influencing factors of data capitalization of heavily polluting enterprises, including data environment support, data innovation and application and data organization empowering. And the enterprise environmental performance can be promoted through these paths. The conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for the relationship between digital transformation and enterprise environmental performance, and provide practical suggestions for heavily polluting enterprises how to use data assets to implement digital transformation strategy to improve environmental performance.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 108-120 [
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How Does Government Information Disclosure Drive Enterprise Green Innovation
GUO Wen
Based on the green patent application data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2021, this paper studies the impact of government information disclosure on corporate green innovation and its mechanism. The results show that government information disclosure can significantly promote the green innovation of local enterprises, and after a series of robustness tests, this conclusion is still valid. The results of the mediation effect test manifest that government information disclosure can improve the environmental information disclosure level of local enterprises, reduce the environmental uncertainty faced by local enterprises, and enhance the green innovation level of local enterprises. The heterogeneity test shows that compared with private enterprises, state-owned enterprises have a greater advantage in obtaining capital and other resources, and the promotion of government information disclosure on green innovation for state-owned enterprises is greater. Enterprises with high financing constraints are more difficult to obtain incremental benefits from government information disclosure, and financing constraints will inhibit the positive relationship between government information disclosure and corporate green innovation. This study not only enriches the relevant research on the impact of government information disclosure on micro-enterprise green innovation, but also deepens the local government's understanding of the micro-economic effects of government information disclosure, thereby providing an important reference for local governments to guide enterprises in green innovation.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 121-133 [
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Whether the Development of Banking Fintech Can Promote the Digital Transformation of Enterprises: A Study Based on Financing Constraints and Innovation Incentive Mechanism
YU Maomao, LU Xiaoqi
Based on the data of A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2013 to 2022, this study investigates the impact of financial technology development on the digital transformation of enterprises. The study has shown that the improvement of bank financial technology level can significantly promote the digital transformation level of credit enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the above effect is more significant for the samples of non-state-owned enterprises, manufacturing enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises, non-state-owned banks and outlets with high competition degree. Further mechanism analysis shows that the improvement of bank financial technology level can alleviate corporate financing constraints by improving the availability of credit funds and preventing maturity mismatching between “ short-term loans and long-term investments ”. At the same time, it can significantly solve the problem of information asymmetry between banks and enterprises, and enhance the willingness of enterprises to perform digital transformation by enhancing research and development strength and efficiency. This conclusion provides empirical evidence and ideas for promoting banks’ fintech empowerment to help enterprises’ digital transformation and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 134-147 [
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Bank Competition, Space Overflow and Industrial Structure Upgrading
HOU Sheng, WANG Lang
Based on the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper theoretically analyzes and empirically examines the influence of bank competition on urban industrial structure upgrading and its spatial spillover effect. It is found that bank competition can significantly promote the upgrading of urban industrial structure, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of endogenous and robust tests. The mechanism analysis indicates that bank competition can optimize urban industrial structure by promoting financial agglomeration and alleviating financing constraints. Heterogeneity analysis manifests that in samples of small scale cities and eastern cities, the effect of bank competition is obvious in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. The spatial spillover effect shows that bank competition can not only promote the upgrading of local urban industrial structure, but also effectively radiate to neighboring cities, accelerating the upgrading process of industrial structure. Furthermore, it is found that this effect mainly exists in central and western cities. The findings not only enrich the economic benefits of bank competition, but also provide a useful reference for further deepening the reform of the financial supply side and boosting the high-quality development of the real economy.
2024 Vol. 41 (3): 148-160 [
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