Abstract This paper investigates the effect of promotion incentives on the performance of economic growth in China by using the panel data of Chinese 31 provinces from 1999 to 2010. The results show, promotion incentive of local officials promotes economic growth, but is not conducive to improve the performance of economic growth. Further, the promotion incentives, land finance and the performance of economic growth bring into the same economic system, the research found, there is a positive interactions between promotion incentives and land finance. And the land finance reduces performance of economic growth. Promotion incentive of official and the increase of land finance have improved the performance of economic growth. The results show that the promotion incentive and land finance are the important sources of the inefficient economic growth in China in recent years.