Abstract Justice is the core value of morality and one of hot topics in all kinds of fields nowadays. Although the academic field has accepted that market economy and just harmonious development are the core for building a harmonious society, the research into the theoretical logic of market economy and just harmonious development is not enough yet. From the perspective of ethical economics, the authore laborates that the theoretical logic of market economy and just harmonious development lies in the reciprocal dimension between market economy and justice in building a harmonious society, or the organic unity between the justice of market economy and the economic nature of justice