Abstract Global energy and climate problem are arising when economic development is continuing. At present, relative studies about emission amount of CO2 have been hot issues in Economics, Management, Geography and so on. The relationship of per capita income and emission amount of CO2 during urbanization is studied through STIRPAT model with panel data based on 2001-2016 in this paper. As studies have shown that urbanization has negative effect on emission amount of CO2 and per capita income has positive correlation to it. It is found that elastic coefficients of per capita and urbanization to emission amount of CO2 have big differences through STIRPAT model with different groups of income among provinces. Urbanization has positive correlation to emission amount CO2 within group of higher per capita income, but negative correlation within group of lower per capita income. Elastic coefficient of per capita income to emission amount of CO2 belonging to lower group of income is 1.7298 which is higher than the average level of the whole country. It shows increasing income for lower level group of income will lead to more emission amount of CO2. In order to decrease emission amount of CO2, deducing gap in personal income, reasonable urbanization layout are necessary and low carbon life is also advocated.