Based on the relevant data from 2000 to 2016 in China, the paper uses the Dagum Gini Coefficient decomposition method to decompose the regional disparity of China’s regional demand structure. The study finds that the regional disparities in China’s regional demand structure is widening, and are the main reasons leading to differences in the latter. Secondly, by using the spatial panel quantile econometric model, the paper empirically tests the effect of the change in demand structure on the environmental pollution control. The study finds that there is spatial dependence between the technical efficiency and the dynamic performance of environmental pollution control; the more reasonable and more advanced the demand structure and economic development are, the more significant this positive effect on the technical efficiency and the dynamic performance of environmental pollution control is. The more rationalized and advanced the clusters of demand structure are, the greater their positive effects are on the technical efficiency of environmental pollution control. In contrast, the economic agglomeration has a significantly negative effect on the technical efficiency and the dynamic performance of environmental pollution control.