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    外部需求、供应链溢出与上游企业加成率
文东伟, 唐宇晨
南开大学 经济学院,天津 300071
    External Demand, Supply Chain Spillovers and Upstream Firms’ Markups
    WEN Dongwei, TANG Yuchen
School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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摘要 基于中国海关数据库、国泰安数据库和CEPII-BACI数据库构建供应商—客户—年份层面的微观数据,考察外部需求通过供应链溢出对上游供应商企业加成率的影响方向和作用机制。研究发现:下游传导的外部需求冲击对上游供应商企业加成率具有显著的抑制作用;机制分析表明,外部需求冲击分别产生市场规模效应和竞争效应,其中竞争效应发挥了主导作用,并通过削弱上游供应商企业的定价能力,降低其加成率;异质性分析发现,下游传导的外部需求对上游客户集中度高的企业、劳动密集型企业、中小规模企业、低生产率企业以及位于产业链上游的供应商企业的加成率产生了较为显著的负向影响。研究为理解双循环背景下外循环对内循环的影响提供了新视角,为评估外部需求冲击在供应链网络的溢出影响提供了经验证据,也为国内企业应对外部需求波动、实现高质量发展提供了有益参考。
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文东伟
唐宇晨
关键词外部需求冲击   企业加成率   供应链溢出   市场规模效应   竞争效应     
Abstract: Based on micro-level data constructed from the China Customs Database, the CSMAR Database and the CEPII-BACI Database at the supplier-customer-year level, this study examines the direction of impact and the mechanisms through which external demand influences the markup rates of upstream supplier firms via supply chain spillovers. The study shows that external demand shocks transmitted downstream exert a significant inhibitory effect on the markup rates of upstream supplier firms. The mechanism analysis indicates that external demand shocks generate market size effects and competitive effects. Among them, the competitive effect plays a dominant role. It weakens the pricing power of upstream supplier enterprises and reduces their markup rates. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that downstream-transmitted external demand has a notably more significant negative impact on the markup rates of supplier firms characterized by high upstream customer concentration, labor-intensive operations, small to medium scale, non-high productivity and those positioned upstream in the industrial chain. This study not only provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of external circulation on domestic circulation under the dual-circulation framework, but also offers empirical evidence for assessing the spillover effects of external demand shocks within supply chain networks, as well as valuable references for domestic enterprises to cope with external demand fluctuations and achieve high-quality development.
KeywordsExternal Demand Shock   Firm’ s Markup   Supply Chain Spillovers   Market Scale Effect   Competition Effect     
收稿日期 2025-04-05; 接受日期 ;
基金资助:国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AJY025);南开大学文科发展基金一般项目(ZB22BZ0211)
通讯作者 唐宇晨(1997— ),女,湖南永州人,博士研究生,主要从事外部需求与企业绩效研究。   
作者简介: 文东伟(1976— ),男,四川邻水人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事国际直接投资和全球价值链研究。
引用本文:   
文东伟, 唐宇晨.外部需求、供应链溢出与上游企业加成率[J].  经济经纬, 2026,2: 105-116
WEN Dongwei, TANG Yuchen.External Demand, Supply Chain Spillovers and Upstream Firms’ Markups[J]  Economic Survey, 2026,V43(2): 105-116
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