Using the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2014 and 2016, this paper follows the “Big Five” personality analysis framework and empirically studies the impact of personality traits on farmers’ entrepreneurial decision. It is found that the agreeableness inhibits farmers’ entrepreneurial motivation, while the extraversion and openness significantly promote farmers’ entrepreneurial participation. In addition, agreeableness has greater marginal effect on the wide scope entrepreneurship of farmers, while the influence of extraversion and openness is more prominent in narrow scope entrepreneurship. The study also finds that a larger family size and better comprehension of householders are conducive to farmers’ entrepreneurship, and that entrepreneurship is greater in central and eastern regions than that in western region.