Abstract Using panel data from 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2013, and constructing static and dynamic panel models, this paper empirically studies the impact of OFDI on China’s SO2 emissions and emission reduction quality. The results show that after controlling the important explanatory variables such as income per capita, both the flow and stock of OFDI increase SO2 emissions in all Chinese provinces, which is mainly because OFDI does not improve China’s emission reduction quality through reverse technology spillover effect. China’s OFDI is mainly distributed in the business service industry and the mining industry. Under the current weak environmental regulation, high-polluting manufacturing industries are not the focus of OFDI, leading to the fact that the role of technology spillover and structural effect in improving environment quality can’t be brought to full play. Based on the research angle of environmental productivity, the paper then extends the research framework of international technology spillover and verifies the robustness of the conclusion that technology spillover of reserve emission reduction can’t be acquired from OFDI in China .