Abstract Self-dependent innovation ability is the result of combined action between internal cause and the external cause. By utilizing the number of inventions patents application accepted as the index of self-dependent innovation, and estimating FDI stock and R&D stock according to the perpetual inventory method, the paper conducts a dynamic panel analysis of the impacts of the FDI stock and R&D stock to self-dependent innovation using panel data from provinces during the period 1997-2007. The findings are as follows: the R&D investment, FDI, the numbers of technological activity personnel, economic growth, import and the self-dependent innovation level of the past existence are the remarkable factors. Lastly, we put forward some countermeasures.