Abstract This paper investigates the energy and carbon embodied in Sino-Japan trade using input-output analysis through combining data on energy and trade. There are three main findings: (1) the energy and carbon embodied in China’s export to Japan is in great amounts, which has been growing fast since 1997. (2) There are three sectors which embody most carbon through export to Japan in 2007, that is, general and special manufacturing, chemical manufacturing and apparel, leather and down feather manufacturing. (3) Calculation based on SDA Model implies that efficiency increase in use of energy and resources could reduce embodied carbon emission, however, production technology, export scale to Japan and exported products structure are positively related to embodied carbon amount. Among these factors, the effect of trade scale between China and Japan is the most significant with a contribution rate of 119.02%.