Abstract Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper analyzes the influence of Internet use on the decision-making of household farmland transfer, and examines the intermediary role of information effect, non-agricultural employment effect and technology effect. The results show that Internet use significantly increases the probability of farmland transfer and obviously reduces the probability of farmland transfer, and the positive impact on farmland transfer exceeds the negative impact on farmland transfer. After using the treatment effect model to deal with the potential endogenous issues and conducting the robustness test in terms of the paid farmland transfer, a basically consistent conclusion is obtained. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that internet us for families with high income level and low farmland endowment have a more obvious positive impact on their farmland transfer. The analysis of the mechanism of action reveals that the Internet use mainly affects farmland transfer through the information effect and the non-agricultural employment effect. On the basis of above analysis, some policy suggestions are put forward in this paper, such as strengthening the construction of Internet platform for agricultural land transfer, formulating differential policies to promote agricultural land transfer and further improving the Internet penetration rate in rural area.