Abstract Based on the panel data of 255 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2009 to 2019, this paper uses a double difference model to evaluate the impact and mechanism of low-carbon city pilot policies on high-quality urban economic development. The results show that the pilot policies of low-carbon cities can promote the high-quality development of urban economy, and the promoting effect of three batches of pilot policies on high-quality development of urban economy shows a decreasing trend. Mechanism test shows that in the process of low-carbon city pilot policies to promote high-quality urban economic development, technological innovation plays a positive intermediary role, while total factor productivity plays a negative intermediary role.According to the city location, the effect of the pilot policy of low-carbon cities in eastern cities is significantly higher than that in central and western cities.From the perspective of city size, resource endowment and environmental regulation, the promotion effect of low-carbon city pilot policy on high-quality urban economic development only exists in big cities, non-resource cities and cities with two control areas. In view of this, we should implement low-carbon policies suitable for their own development according to urban characteristics, and make full use of the innovation compensation effect of low-carbon city pilot policies to promote the high-quality development of urban economy.