Abstract Based on the green patent data of 410 listed A-share manufacturing companies in China from 2014 to 2018, this study explores the effect and internal mechanism of CSR on green innovation. There are following findings: (1)CSR fulfillment by enterprises can improve the level of green innovation, and this influence exists in both state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises in eastern region and enterprises in other regions. (2)Corporate social capital plays a part of intermediary role between CSR and green innovation. In the process of fulfilling social responsibility, enterprises can positively influence green innovation through the accumulation of their own social capital. (3)Executive compensation incentive can strengthen the promotion effect of CSR on green innovation, and such strengthening effect is higher in non-state-owned enterprises than that of state-owned enterprises, and higher in enterprises in eastern regions than that of enterprises in other regions. This study provides experience and reference for different types of manufacturing enterprises in China to achieve green innovation and high performance, and also provides theoretical support for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.